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A GitHub-reviewed security advisory, not necessarily under active exploitation the way our CISA KEV advisories are, but a real, disclosed vulnerability in an open-source dependency.
Affected packages
Vulnerable: >= 8.1.0.beta1, < 8.1.4.1
Patched in 8.1.4.1
Vulnerable: < 8.0.5.2
Patched in 8.0.5.2
Details
ActionController::Parameters#each_key delegates to the internal ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess that holds the request parameters, so when called with a block it returns that hash instead of the Parameters instance. The hash does not respond to permitted?, so Active Model mass assignment (new, assign_attributes, update) accepts it without raising ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError. An application that passes the return value of each_key to mass assignment could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to set attributes that the application does not permit, such as an authorization flag.
This is an incomplete fix of CVE-2020-8164, which made each, each_pair and each_value return the Parameters instance but left each_key delegated.
The fixed releases define Parameters#each_key to yield each key and return the Parameters instance when given a block, as each, each_pair and each_value do, and to return an Enumerator without one. Code that used the return value of each_key as a hash now receives the Parameters instance, which mass assignment rejects unless it is permitted.
An application is affected if it passes the return value of ActionController::Parameters#each_key, called with a block, to mass assignment. Rails itself makes no such call.
Do not use the return value of each_key. Call it for its block only, and pass the permitted Parameters instance to mass assignment.
The fixed releases are available at the normal locations.
Patches for those who cannot upgrade at once:
This issue was responsibly reported by HackerOne researcher smlee.
EPSS, exploit probability
Low0.63%
estimated chance of real-world exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 50.5% of every CVE FIRST.org scores
Refreshed 11/13/2026, via FIRST.org's EPSS model, not CVSS, this measures likelihood of exploitation, not how severe it would be.
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