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A GitHub-reviewed security advisory, not necessarily under active exploitation the way our CISA KEV advisories are, but a real, disclosed vulnerability in an open-source dependency.
Affected packages
Vulnerable: >= 4.1.0, < 13.0.0
Patched in 13.0.0
Details
The MSP RLE decoder expands run-length data into an in-memory buffer with no cap tied to the declared image size. A small file that passes the pixel-count check can force hundreds of megabytes or more of allocation when the application loads pixels.
The MSP decoder writes each run into an unbounded io.BytesIO and can expand roughly 85x per run:
src/PIL/MspImagePlugin.py:144-146Memory-exhaustion denial of service from a tiny crafted image in any application that loads pixels. The expansion is decoupled from the declared pixel count, so MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS does not bound it.
EPSS, exploit probability
Low0.29%
estimated chance of real-world exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 20.5% of every CVE FIRST.org scores
Refreshed 10/21/2026, via FIRST.org's EPSS model, not CVSS, this measures likelihood of exploitation, not how severe it would be.
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A secure code review or supply chain review finds this before an advisory does.